Women's+History


 * March is Women's History Month **

Roles of Women in Ancient History
= Quotes =

== Select one of the following quotes by a famous woman and write one week of diary entries from the perspective of that person. Base your reflective writing on the quote. Do some research about the author of the quote to acquire a deeper understanding about them. ==

OR
== Put yourself in the place of one these women and describe how her life would have been different if you had been living it. ==

====• "How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world." ~ Anne Frank====

====• "You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face." ~ Eleanor Roosevelt====

====• "A bird doesn't sing because it has an answer, it sings." ~ Maya Angelou====

====• "A charming woman doesn't follow the crowd. She is herself." ~ Loretta Young====

====• "If you want the rainbow, you've got to put up with the rain." ~ Dolly Parton====

====• "It was we, the people; not we, the white male citizens; nor yet we, the male citizens; but we, the whole people, who formed the Union." ~ Susan B. Anthony====

====• "We are all pencils in the hand of God writing love letters to the world." ~ Mother Theresa====

====• "You are unique, and if that is not fulfilled then something has been lost." ~ Martha Graham====

====• "You never lose by loving. You always lose by holding back." ~ Barbara De Angelis====

====• "Sometimes questions are more important than answers." ~ Nancy Willard====

====• "The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams." ~ Eleanor Roosevelt====

Celebrate women and their achievements

The National Women's Hall of Fame

[|The National Women's Hall of Fame] is the only national membership organization that honors and celebrates the achievements of American women. Founded in 1969 in Seneca Falls, New York, where in 1848 the first Women's Rights Convention was held, the Hall inducts distinguished women and offers programs and exhibits in Seneca Falls, the Finger Lakes area, Washington, D.C., and elsewhere.

Women are chosen for inclusion in the Hall of Fame on the basis of:

 The value of their contribution to society, to significant groups within society, or to the progress and freedom of women.

Their contributions to art, athletics, business, government, philanthropy, humanities, science, and education.

The enduring value of their achievements.  Honorees
 * * Faye Glenn Abdellah
 * [|Bella Abzug]
 * [|Abigail Adams]
 * [|Jane Addams]
 * [|Madeleine Korbel Albright]
 * [|Louisa May Alcott]
 * Florence Ellinwood Allen
 * [|Linda G. Alvarado]
 * Dorothy Andersen
 * [|Marian Anderson]
 * Ethel Percy Andrus
 * [|Maya Angelou]
 * [|Susan B. Anthony]
 * [|Virginia Apgar]
 * [|Ella Baker]
 * [|Lucille Ball]
 * [|Anne Bancroft]
 * [|Clara Barton]
 * Eleanor K. Baum
 * [|Ruth Fulton Benedict]
 * [|Mary McLeod Bethune]
 * [|Antoinette Blackwell]
 * [|Elizabeth Blackwell]
 * [|Emily Blackwell]
 * [|Amelia Bloomer]
 * [|Nellie Bly]
 * [|Margaret Bourke-White]
 * Lydia Moss Bradley
 * Myra Bradwell
 * Mary Breckinridge
 * [|Gwendolyn Brooks]
 * [|Pearl S. Buck]
 * Betty Bumpers
 * Charlotte Anne Bunch
 * [|Francis Xavier Cabrini]
 * Mary Steichen Calderone
 * [|Annie Jump Cannon]
 * [|Rachel Carson]
 * [|Rosalynn Carter]
 * Mary Ann Shadd Cary
 * [|Mary Cassatt]
 * [|Willa Cather]
 * [|Carrie Chapman Catt]
 * [|Lydia Maria Child]
 * [|Julia Child]
 * [|Shirley Chisholm]
 * [|Hillary Rodham Clinton]
 * [|Jacqueline Cochran]
 * [|Bessie Coleman]
 * [|Eileen Collins]
 * Ruth Colvin
 * Rita Colwell
 * [|Joan Ganz Cooney]
 * Mother Marianne Cope
 * [|Gerty Theresa Radnitz Cori]
 * [|Jane Cunningham Croly] || * [|Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis]
 * [|Dorothy Day]
 * Marian de Forest
 * [|Donna de Varona]
 * Emma Smith DeVoe
 * [|Emily Dickinson]
 * [|Dorothea Dix]
 * [|Elizabeth Hanford Dole]
 * [|Marjory Stoneman Douglas]
 * Anne Dallas Dudley
 * [|Mary Barret Dyer]
 * [|Amelia Earhart]
 * Sylvia Earle
 * Catherine East
 * Crystal Eastman
 * [|Mary Baker Eddy]
 * [|Marian Wright Edelman]
 * [|Gertrude Ederle]
 * [|Gertrude Belle Elion]
 * Alice Evans
 * [|Geraldine Ferraro]
 * [|Ella Fitzgerald]
 * [|Betty Friedan]
 * [|Margaret Fuller]
 * [|Matilda Joslyn Gage]
 * [|Althea Gibson]
 * [|Lillian Moller Gilbreth]
 * [|Charlotte Perkins Gilman]
 * [|Ruth Bader Ginsburg]
 * [|Katharine Graham]
 * [|Ella Grasso]
 * [|Angelina Grimke]
 * [|Sarah Grimke]
 * Martha Griffiths
 * Mary A. Hallaren
 * [|Fannie Lou Hamer]
 * [|Alice Hamilton]
 * Martha Matilda Harper
 * Patricia Roberts Harris
 * [|Helen Hayes]
 * [|Mary Harris “Mother Jones”]
 * Dorothy Height
 * Beatrice A. Hicks
 * [|Oveta Culp Hobby]
 * Barbara Holdridge
 * Wilhelmina Cole Holladay
 * Maj. Gen. Jeanne Holm
 * [|Bertha Holt]
 * [|Grace Hopper]
 * [|Julia Ward Howe]
 * [|Dolores Huerta]
 * Helen LaKelly Hunt
 * Swanee Hunt
 * [|Zora Neale Hurston]
 * [|Anne Hutchinson] || * Shirley Ann Jackson
 * Mary Jacobi
 * Frances Wisebart Jacobs
 * [|Mae Jemison]
 * [|"Mother" Mary Harris Jones]
 * [|Barbara Jordan]
 * [|Helen Keller]
 * [|Bishop Leontine Kelly]
 * Frances Kathleen Oldham Kelsey
 * Nannerl O. Keohane
 * [|Billie Jean King]
 * [|Elisabeth Kübler-Ross]
 * Maggie Kuhn
 * [|Stephanie Kwolek]
 * [|Suzette La Flesche]
 * [|Winona LaDuke]
 * [|Dorothea Lange]
 * Mildred Robbins Leet
 * [|Maya Lin]
 * [|Anne Morrow Lindbergh]
 * Patricia Locke
 * [|Belva Lockwood]
 * [|Juliette Gordon Low]
 * [|Shannon W. Lucid]
 * [|Mary Lyon]
 * [|Margaret Mead]
 * [|Patsy Takemoto Mink]
 * [|Maria Mitchell]
 * [|Constance Baker Motley]
 * [|Lucretia Mott]
 * Kate Mullany
 * [|Antonia Novello]
 * [|Annie Oakley]
 * [|Sandra Day O'Connor]
 * [|Georgia O'Keeffe]
 * [|Rosa Parks]
 * [|Alice Paul]
 * Mary Engle Pennington
 * [|Frances Perkins]
 * Esther Peterson
 * Judith L. Pipher
 * [|Jeannette Rankin]
 * [|Janet Reno]
 * [|Ellen Swallow Richards]
 * Linda Richards
 * [|Sally Ride]
 * Rozanne L. Ridgeway
 * [|Edith Nourse Rogers]
 * [|Eleanor Roosevelt]
 * Ernestine Potowski Rose
 * Sister Elaine Roulet
 * [|Wilma Rudolph]
 * Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin || * Florence Sabin
 * [|Sacajawea]
 * [|Margaret Sanger]
 * Katherine Siva Saubel
 * Betty Bone Schiess
 * [|Patricia Schroeder]
 * Felice N. Schwartz
 * Blanche Stuart Scott
 * Florence Seibert
 * [|Elizabeth Seton]
 * [|Anna Howard Shaw]
 * Catherine Filene Shouse
 * [|Eunice Mary Kennedy Shriver]
 * [|Muriel Siebert]
 * [|Beverly Sills]
 * [|Bessie Smith]
 * [|Margaret Chase Smith]
 * Sophia Smith
 * Hannah Greenbaum Solomon
 * [|Elizabeth Cady Stanton]
 * [|Gloria Steinem]
 * [|Helen Stephens]
 * Nettie Stevens
 * [|Lucy Stone]
 * [|Harriet Beecher Stowe]
 * Harriet Strong
 * [|Henrietta Szold]
 * Mary Burnett Talbert
 * [|Maria Tallchief]
 * [|Ida Tarbell]
 * Helen Brook Taussig
 * [|Sojourner Truth]
 * [|Harriet Tubman]
 * Brig. Gen. Wilma Vaught
 * Florence Wald
 * [|Lillian D. Wald]
 * [|Madam C. J. Walker]
 * [|Mary Walker]
 * Emily Howell Warner
 * [|Mercy Otis Warren]
 * [|Faye Wattleton]
 * Annie Dodge Wauneka
 * [|Ida B. Wells-Barnett]
 * [|Eudora Welty]
 * [|Edith Wharton]
 * Sheila Widnall
 * [|Frances Willard]
 * [|Oprah Winfrey]
 * [|Sarah Winnemucca]
 * [|Victoria Woodhull]
 * [|Fanny Wright]
 * [|Martha Coffin Wright]
 * [|Chien-Shiung Wu]
 * [|Rosalyn Yalow]
 * Gloria Yerkovich
 * [|Mildred “Babe” Didrickson Zaharias] ||

[|gale cengage resources bio] [|Womens history month.gov/]

=**Try one of these!**= [|women-aviators activity] [|cyber hunt - women in history]

= Female Ingenuity = ** Inve **
 * ** Inventor ** || ** Year ** ||
 * ** Battery container ** || Nancy Perkins || 1986 ||
 * **Beehive** || Thiphena Hornbrook || 1861 ||
 * **Canister vacuum** || Nancy Perkins || 1987 ||
 * **Car heater** || Margaret Wilcox || 1893 ||
 * **Circular saw** || Tabitha Babbit || 1812 ||
 * ** Computer program ** || Augusta Ada Byron || 1842 ||
 * **Cooking stove** || Elizabeth Hawk || 1867 ||
 * **Dam and reservoir construction** || Harriet Strong || 1887 ||
 * **Direct and return mailing envelope** || Beulah Henry || 1962 ||
 * **Dishwasher** || Josephine Cochran || 1872 ||
 * **Drinking fountain device** || Laurene O'Donnell || 1985 ||
 * **Electric hot water heater** || Ida Forbes || 1917 ||
 * **Elevated railway** || Mary Walton || 1881 ||
 * **Engine muffler** || El Dorado Jones || 1917 ||
 * **Feedback control for data processing** || Erna Hoover || 1971 ||
 * **Fire escape** || Anna Connelly || 1887 ||
 * **Globes** || Ellen Fitz || 1875 ||
 * **Grain storage bin** || Lizzie Dickelman || 1920 ||
 * **Improved locomotive wheels** || Mary Jane Montgomery || 1864 ||
 * **Improvement in dredging machines** || Emily Tassey || 1876 ||
 * **Improvement in stone pavements** || Emily Gross || 1877 ||
 * **Kevlar, a steel-like fiber used in radial tires, crash helmets, and bulletproof vests** || Stephanie Kwolek || 1966 ||
 * **Life raft** || Maria Beaseley || 1882 ||
 * ** Liquid Paper correction fluid ** || Bette Nesmith Graham || 1956 ||
 * **Locomotive chimney** || Mary Walton || 1879 ||
 * **Medical syringe** || Letitia Geer || 1899 ||
 * **Mop-wringer pail** || Eliza Wood || 1889 ||
 * **Oil burner** || Amanda Jones || 1880 ||
 * **Permanent wave for the hair** || Marjorie Joyner || 1928 ||
 * **Portable screen summer house** || Nettie Rood || 1882 ||
 * **Refrigerator** || Florence Parpart || 1914 ||
 * **Rolling pin** || Catherine Deiner || 1891 ||
 * **Rotary engine** || Margaret Knight || 1904 ||
 * **Safety device for elevators** || Harriet Tracy || 1892 ||
 * **Street cleaning machine** || Florence Parpart || 1900 ||
 * **Submarine lamp and telescope** || Sara Mather || 1870 ||
 * **Suspenders** || Laura Cooney || 1896 ||
 * **Washing machine** || Margaret Colvin || 1871 ||
 * **Windshield wiper** || Mary Anderson || 1903 ||
 * **Zigzag sewing machine** || Helen Blanchard || 1873 ||

= Roles of Women in World War II = [|women in WWII] ==

=[|Womens-History-Month]=

Biographies of Notable Women

 * [|Actresses]
 * [|Adventurers]
 * [|Artists]
 * [|Athletes]
 * [|Businesswomen]
 * [|Comediennes]
 * [|Congresswomen]
 * [|Educators and Scholars]
 * [|Fashion Designers and Models]
 * [|Literary Figures]
 * [|Media Figures]
 * [|Musicians and Dancers]
 * [|Reformers and Activists]
 * [|Saints and Sinners]
 * [|Scientists]
 * [|Women in U.S. Government]
 * [|World Leaders]

= Dinner Party Assignment =

Select a famous woman from history and ...

1. Create a dinner party invitation!

2. Plan an appropriate menu for the party (Keep the guest in mind when you plan).

3. Arrange the table setting (name cards of the guests, table setting, centerpiece, etc.)

4. Write a list of at least ten (10) questions that you would like to ask the person and discuss at dinner (be polite).

= Goddesses from many cultures =

=Worldwide Goddesses=

“Mothers of the Earth,” “Queens of the Universe,” “Queens of the Heavens,” all are goddesses believed to be creators, lawmakers, prophets, healers, hunters, battle leaders, and truth-givers. Let's go back in time around the world and identify some important goddesses.

=North America=

Many Indian tribes believe that life originated from females. Many also believe that all spirits that are life-giving forces, such as rain and corn, come from female deities.


 * Sedna ruled over the sea animals. The Inuits (Eskimos) believed that she used ugliness as protection. Anyone who dared to look at her would be struck dead.
 * Selu the Corn Mother of the Cherokee, cut open her breast so that corn could spring forth and give life to the people.
 * Blue Corn Woman and White Corn Maiden were the first mothers of the Tewa Pueblo people. Blue was the summer mother; White was the winter mother.
 * Three Sisters In the Iroquois tradition, the life-giving forces of corn, beans, and squash were given by the Three Sisters, who were thanked daily.
 * White-painted Mother is the mother of Child of the Water, from whom all Apaches are descended. She keeps her child safe in her womb, slays all evil monsters, and keeps the world safe for Apaches.
 * White Buffalo Calf Woman is the giver of the Pipe for the Lakota Indians. The Pipe represents truth.

= Ancient Aztecs =


 * Chalchiuhtlicue was the goddess of all waters on earth, but especially associated with running water. She was frequently depicted as a river that nourished a prickly pear tree.
 * Chicomecoatl was the goddess of corn and fertility. So important was corn to the Aztecs that she was also known as "the goddess of nourishment." She was sometimes depicted carrying the sun as a shield.
 * Coatlicue was goddess of the earth and mother of all the gods. She also gave birth to the moon and stars. She was depicted wearing a skirt made of snakes.
 * Xochiquetzal was goddess of flowers, dance, and love. Birds and butterflies loved her very much and were frequently in her company.

= Ancient Greece and Rome =


 * [|Aphrodite] was the Greek goddess who brought and maintained love in the world. Her Roman name was Venus.
 * [|Artemis] was the Greek goddess who ruled over the hunt and over women in childbirth. Her Roman name was Diana.
 * [|Athena] was the Greek goddess of crafts, war, and wisdom. Her Roman name was Minerva.
 * [|Demeter] was the Greek goddess who made all things grow. Her Roman name was Ceres.
 * [|Gaea] was the Greek goddess of the earth. Her Roman name was Terra.
 * [|Hera] was the Greek protector of marriage and women. Her Roman name was Juno.
 * [|Hestia] was the Greek goddess of the hearth and home. Her Roman name was Vesta.
 * [|Eos] was the Greek goddess of the dawn. It was thought that she emerged every day from the ocean and rose into the sky on a chariot drawn by horses. The morning dew represented her tears of grief for her slain son.

= China =


 * The Chinese goddess Ma-Ku personifies the goodness in all people. She took land from the sea and planted it with mulberry trees. She freed the slaves from her cruel father.
 * Kuan Yin represents wisdom and purity for the Chinese. She has a thousand arms, symbolizing her infinite compassion.

= Ancient Egypt =


 * [|Isis] invented agriculture. She was the goddess of law, healing, motherhood, and fertility. She is sometimes depicted with a disk from the sun between two cow horns on her head or a headdress in the shape of a vulture.
 * [|Hathor] the goddess of love and mirth, protected children and pregnant women. She embodied the sky and was often depicted as a star-speckled "Celestial Cow," or just with a cow head or cow horns.
 * Nephthys was goddess of the dead. She was a kind and understanding companion to the newly dead as well as to those left behind. She was sometimes represented as a bird, or with hieroglyphics that spelled her name above her head.
 * Nut represented the heavens and helped to put the world in order. She had the ability to swallow stars and the pharaohs and cause them to be born again. Her body was covered with painted stars. She existed before all else had been created.

= Hawaii =


 * [|Pele] is the powerful Hawaiian goddess of fire. She lived in the Kilauea Volcano and ruled over the family of fire gods. When she was angry she would erupt and pour fiery rock over the land.
 * Hiiaka is the youngest sister of Pele. She is a fierce warrior and yet a kind and calm friend of humanity. She gave people the healing arts, creative arts, and the gift of storytelling.

= Ireland =


 * [|Danu] was the goddess of the earth. She was mother of many important gods, as well as mother of the Tuatha De Danann, a mythological race of people who had great and magical powers.
 * Brigit was a three-fold goddess. She ruled poetry and inspiration; healing and medicine; and war and weapons-crafting.
 * The Irish goddess Cerrid gave intelligence and knowledge to humans.
 * Caillech was the wisest woman. She ruled the seasons and the weather and was believed to have the power to move mountains.

= Ancient Mayans =


 * Ixchel was the goddess of the moon and the protector of pregnant women. She was often depicted as an old woman wearing a full skirt holding a serpent.
 * Ixtab was goddess of the hanged. The Mayans believed that those who died by hanging went to paradise. Ixtab was depicted with a noose around her neck.

= Scandinavia =


 * [|Freyja] was the goddess of love and fertility. She was very beautiful and enjoyed music and song. Fairies were among her most beloved companions.
 * Frigg was the goddess of the sky, marriage, and motherhood. It was believed that she knew the fate of each person, but kept it a close secret.
 * [|Hel] was the goddess of the dead and queen of the underworld. She was hideous and bad-tempered; her body was in partial decay.
 * [|Norns] were three sisters who lived around the tree of life. They controlled fate: Urth ruled the past, Verthandi ruled the present, and Skuld ruled the future.

= Ancient Sumer =


 * Ereshkigal was the goddess of the underworld. She was stubborn and temperamental and could be difficult to please. However, hymns and offerings to the dead could help to improve her mood.
 * Inanna was the goddess of love, fertility, and war. Sometimes called "Queen of the Sky," her symbol was an eight-pointed star. Inanna was also queen of all beasts, and counted the lion as her special companion.
 * Ninhursag was the goddess of earth and mother of the gods, as well as the creator of all plant life. When she was pleased, the ground was fertile and the seasons were rich. But when she was angry, fields would be barren.

[|Goddesses]

Directions: Compare two goddesses from different parts of the world on one sheet. Repeat this process two more times. You will compare six (6) Goddesses in all. You will complete three (3) Compare-Contrast documents all together.



Queens

Directions: Select a queen and complete the "historic bio" about her. You can use the links or the CPS database resources.


 * < **Queens** **of the Middle Age**s

[|Matilda of Flanders] [|Good Queen Maude] [|Queen Matilda] [|Queen Matilda of Boulogne] [|Eleanor of Aquitaine] [|Queen Berengaria of Navarre] [|Isabelle of Angouleme] [|Eleanor of Provence] [|Eleanor of Castile] [|Isabella of France] [|Philippa of Hainault] [|Mary de Bohun] [|Catherine of Valois] [|Margaret of Anjou] [|Elizabeth Woodville] [|Anne Neville] ||< **African Queens**

Nefertiti Cleopatra Hatshepsut

Queen Elizabeth Queen Victoria
 * European Queens**

Isabella Sophia Anne of Kiev [|Constance of Arles] Eleanor of Aquitaine Isabelle of Hainaut [|Joan I of Navarre]
 * Spainish Queens**
 * Queens of France**

Marie Antoinette Marie de Luxembourg ||< **Arabian Queens**

Queen of Sheba [|Al-Hurra Al-Malika] [|Sitt al-Mulk]

[|Arwa al-Sulayhi] [|Dina bint 'Abdu'l-Hamid] [|Alia al-Hussein] [|Musbah bint Nasser] [|Queen Noor of Jordan] [|Queen of Sheba] [|Queen Rania of Jordan] [|Yatie] [|Zabibe] [|Zein al-Sharaf Talal] [|Zenobia] ||



Web-quests - Try one of these if you wish to be challenged

[|ancient Egypt web-quest]

[|social studies web-quest ancient Egypt]

[|Glimpses of Britain and Royalty]

[|middle ages]

[|middle ages- the people]

=Resources for Research of Goddesses and Women of Note=

[|Women on postage stamps]

These are amazing women from history. This display could inspire you to become a stamp collector.

[|Ancient Egyptian Gods]

This site is a great resource and a fun place to explore. [|Library of Databases]

The encyclopedias supplied by the CPS Department of Libraries are an excellent source of credible information.

**Read a book by one of these famous women** ** authors ****, poets, or dramatists. **

** [|Louisa May Alcott] **

** [|Maya Angelou] ** ** [|Jane Austen] **

**__Judy Blume__**

**__Jan Brett__**



**__Beverly__** **__Cleary__**

** [|Emily Dickinson] **

**__Mother Goose__**

**__Virginia Hamilton__**

Wendy Mass

**__Patricia McKissack__**


 * __Laura Numeroff__**






 * __Patricia Polacco__**


 * __Peggy Parrish__**


 * __Beatrix Potter__**



**__Peggy Rathman__**

**__J.K. Rowling__**

**__Judy Sierra__**

**__Erica Silverman__**

** [|Harriet Beecher Stowe] **

**__Mildred Taylor__**

**__Laura Ingalls Wilder__**

**__Jacqueline Woodson__**

=** Women in Fairy Tales **=



=Read a fairy tale or listen to one that is read aloud.=

[|Grimm's fairy tales]

Write your own fairy tales!

[|read write think-fairytales]

Read one of these great fractured fairy tales.

[|Book list- Fractured Fairy Tales]

Read the famous tales! They can be a little gory.

[|Original Grimm's fairy tales]



Character Traits
adventurous affectionate afraid alert ambitious angry annoyed anxious apologetic arrogant attentive average bad blue bold bored bossy brainy brave bright brilliant busy || calm careful careless cautious charming cheerful childish clever clumsy coarse concerned confident confused considerate cooperative courageous cowardly cross cruel curious dangerous daring dark decisive || demanding dependable depressed determined discouraged dishonest disrespectful doubtful dull dutiful eager easygoing efficient embarrassed encouraging energetic evil excited expert fair faithful fearless fierce foolish || fortunate foul fresh friendly frustrated funny gentle giving glamorous gloomy good graceful grateful greedy grouchy grumpy guilty happy harsh hateful healthy helpful honest hopeful || hopeless humorous ignorant imaginative impatient impolite inconsiderate independent industrious innocent intelligent jealous kindly lazy leader lively lonely loving loyal lucky mature mean messy miserable || mysterious naive naughty nervous nice noisy obedient obnoxious old peaceful picky pleasant polite poor popular positive precise proper proud quick quiet rational reliable religious || responsible restless rich rough rowdy rude sad safe satisfied scared secretive selfish senseless serious sharp short shy silly skillful sly smart sneaky sorry spoiled || stingy strange strict stubborn sweet tactful tactless talented thankful thoughtful thoughtless tired tolerant touchy trusting trustworthy unfriendly unhappy upset useful warm weak wicked wise witless worried ||
 * == active ==